As expected, pumping was heaviest during the droughts of 1975-77 and 1987-92, and lightest during the wet years of 1973, 1978, 1982-83, 1995, and 1998. However, a prolonged multi-year drought invariably leads to an increased dependence on groundwater pumping and overdraft of the groundwater sub-basin storage. The Kings Basin is a sub-basin of the San Joaquin Valley groundwater basin, within the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region. The 2007-2009 drought along with reduced imported surface water supplies from the Delta, led to increased groundwater pumping. There is increasing interest in the potential of source water protection to address chronic challenges with small systems and rural drinking water provision. One of the most common human-affected factors is groundwater pumping, a practice that has been steadily increasing due to prolonged periods of drought. The surface water deliveries became input for the UZWB model. The study area is further delineated into 9,114 individual land units from a 1985 land use survey of Tulare County. releases for flood control) are used by some districts to recharge their groundwater reservoirs. However, changes in groundwater storage are not directly observable and must always be estimated using non-direct measures. south; therefore, the Project area lies within both hydrologic regions. A database of 145 predictor variables representing well characteristics, historical and current field and landscape-scale nitrogen mass balances, historical and current land use, oxidation/reduction conditions, groundwater flow, climate, soil characteristics, depth to groundwater, and groundwater age were assigned to over 6000 private supply and public supply wells measured previously for nitrate and located throughout the study area. This involves the simultaneous management of water, land, and organisms to achieve a desired ecosystem condition that benefits both native biodiversity and human well-being. These gaps amount to $2 billion to $3 billion a year. Many programs are starting to adopt its principles and practices, but much more needs to be done. These outputs include: (1) the floodplain habitat mosaic, including riparian vegetation and its associated wildlife; (2) spawning and rearing habitat for native fish; and (3) food-web productivity that can support native fish on the floodplain as well as be exported to downstream ecosystems. The net aquifer recharge for the entire study area was computed by ag- gregating the aquifer recharge and groundwater pumping of each land unit to this scale and adding the contribution to aquifer recharge from channel seepage. Semi-agricultural and special conditions (i.e. Seepage in the Tule River, Deer Creek, and White River accounted for 85% of the total seepage. The allocation of surface water within each district, via the implicitly modeled intra-district surface water distribution system, is estimated by the UZWB model. The incorporated land in the study area is divided into 26 water service districts: 21 irrigation, water, or public utility districts; 2 major cities; 2 private contractors; and 1 water company. The surface water supply system in the model is divided into two parts: 1) an inter-district surface water channel network, and 2) an intra-district surface water distribution system. To better understand the impacts of irrigated agriculture, fluctuating surface water supplies, and groundwater pumping practices on water levels and groundwater storage in the Tule sub-basin area, we developed a GIS-based con- junctive use model to study them. The applied surface water varied from a low of 135,482 af in 1977 to a high of 708,293 af in 1996. You can navigate regions (e.g., Tulare Lake) using the links in the menu on the right and view the scorecard for each region and sub-region. We recommend that the state adopt the principles and practices of ecosystem-based management. For each modeled surface water channel, the SWS model computes surface water deliveries from it to each district and conveyance losses from it due to evaporation and channel seepage. Here, we extend this prior work and show wetter (drier) CA conditions, based on several drought metrics, are associated with an El Niño (La Niña)-like SST pattern. This High priority basin is home to an estimated 535,870 people (2010 value), which have been at a rate of 40.13. Invoking this assumption, we then use the cumulative net recharge as an estimate of the cumulative groundwater storage change in the aquifer system. Land Use. The recharge and groundwater pumping rates became input for the groundwater flow model. 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